2021年研究生入學統一考試試題（英語一）答案及解析

2021 年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語（一）試題

Section?I?Use of?English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)

Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It _1_ in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But

3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.

One study found that muscle loss and the 4  of  body  fat  around  the  abdomen  arc associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests  the  5  that lifestyle factors might  help prevent or 6 this type of decline.

The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middlle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9  higher measures  of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 .

For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat: in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women.

16  there are steps you can 17  to  help reduce abdominal fat and maintain  lean muscle  mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

1. [A]2. [A]	pausesalternatively	[B][B]	returnformally	[C][C]	peaksaccidentally	[D][D]	fadesgenerally
3. [A]	while	[B]	since	[C]	once	[D]	until
4. [A]	detection	[B]	accumulation	[C]	consumption	[D]	separation

5. [A]6. [A]7. [A]8. [A]	possibility delay modifieddevoted	[B][B][B][B]	decision ensure supportedcompared	[C][C][C][C]	goal seek includedconverted	[D] requirement[D] utilize[D] predicted[D] applied
9. [A]	with	[B]	above	[C]	by	[D] against
10. [A]	lived	[B]	managed	[C]	scored	[D] played
11. [A]	ran out	[B]	set off	[C]	drew in	[D] went by
12. [A]	superior	[B]	attributable	[C]	parallel	[D] resistant
13. [A]	restored	[B]	isolated	[C]	involved	[D] controlled
14. [A]	alter	[B]	spread	[C]	remove	[D] explain
15. [A]	compensations	[B]	symptoms	[C]	demands	[D] treatments
16. [A]	Likewise	[B]	Meanwhile	[C]	Therefore	[D] Instead
17. [A]	change	[B]	watch	[C]	count	[D] take
18. [A]	well-being	[B]	process	[C]	formation	[D] coordination
19. [A]	level	[B]	love	[C]	knowledge	[D] space
20. [A]	design	[B]	routine	[C]	diet	[D] prescription

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or

D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

How can Britain’s train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?  It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year’s rise an average of 2.7 percent, may be a fraction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.

Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of

investing in and running the rail network. Should be home by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincoln-shire have to subscribe the daily commute of a stockbroker from survey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relativity poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North.

However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are  making to the network, but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.

The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should form part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways. Yes, more investment is needed, but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped, unreliable services interrupted by regular chaos when time tables are changed, or planned maintenance is managed incompetently. The threat of nationalization may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

• The author holds that this year’s increase in rail passenger?fares
• has kept pace with?inflation.
• is a big surprise to?commuters.
• remains an unreasonable?measure.
• will ease train operators’?burden.
• The stockbroker in Paragraph 2 is used to stand?tor
• rail?travelers.
• car?drivers.
• local?investors.
• ordinary taxpayers.
• It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that train?operators
• have suffered huge losses owing to the?strikes.
• have failed to provide an adequate?service.
• are offering compensation to?commuters.
• are trying to repair relations with the?unions
• If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to?face
• the loss of investment.
• the collapse of?operations.
• a reduction of?revenue.
• a change of?ownership.
• Which of the following would be the best title for the?text?
• Who Are to Blame for the?Strikes?
• Constant Complaining Doesn’t?Work
• Can Nationalization Bring?Hope?
• Ever-rising Fares Aren’t?Sustainable

Text 2

Last year marked the third year in a row that Indonesia’s bleak rate deforestation has slowed in pace. One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program.

In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical

care. Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. They are already used in dozens of countries worldwide. In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.

But the CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment. In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.

That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty. However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view. There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, Ferraro says.

Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though. Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation. Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.

Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012 — including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program — in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces and multiple islands. The duo separated the effects of the CCT program on forest loss from other factors, like weather and macroeconomic changes, which were also affecting forest loss.

With that, “We see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation,” Farrow says.

That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says. Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvest. With the CCTs, individuals instead can use the money to supplement their harvests.

Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess. Farrow suggests the results may transfer to other parts of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access. And regardless of transfer-ability, the study shows that what’s good for people

may also be good for the environment. Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty. Ferraro says, “the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.”

• According to the first paragraph, CCT programs?aim?to? .
• facilitate health-care?reform
• help poor families get better?off
• improve local education systems
• lower deforestation rates
• The study based on an area in Mexico excited to?show?that? .
• cattle raising has been a major livelihood for the?poor
• CCT programs have helped preserve traditional?lifestyles
• antipoverty efforts require the participation of local?farmers
• economic growth tends to cause environmental?degradation
• In his study about Indonesia, Farrow intends to?find?out? .
• its acceptance level of?CCTs
• its annual rate of poverty alleviation
• the relation of CCTs to its forest loss
• the role of its forests in climate?change
• According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is valuable?in?that? .
• it will benefit other Asian?countries
• it will reduce regional?inequality
• it can protect the?environment
• it can boost grain?production
• What is the text centered?on?
• The effects of a?program.
• The debates over a?program.
• The process of a?study.
• The transferability of a?study

Text3

As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past. I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter — they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are nothing that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.

Of course, I need to concede that my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance. How do we explain this trend?

During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, resulting in blurred images as sitters shifted position or adjusted their limbs. The thought holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate, and so a non-committal blank stare became the  norm.

But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s and the introduction of the  Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.

One explanation might must be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. “ Nature

gave us lips to conceal our teeth .” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society , the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).

A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came photographic portraits there could be ”nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.

• According to paragraph 1. the author’s posts?on?Twitter? .
• illustrated the development of Victorian?photography
• highlighted social media’s role in Victorian?studies
• re-evaluated the?Victorian’s notion of public image
• changed people’s impression of the?Victorians.
• What does the author say about the Victorian portraits he has?collected?
• They are rare among photographs of that?age
• They show effects of different exposure?times
• They mirror 19th-century social?conventions
• They are in popular use among historians
• What might have kept the Victorians from smiling pictures in the?1890s?
• Their inherent social?sensitiveness
• Their tension before the?camera
• Their unhealthy dental?condition
• Their distrust of new inventions
• Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in?pictures?was? .
• a thought-provoking?idea
• a misguide?attitude
• a controversial?view
• a deep-root?belief
• Which of the following questions does the text?answer?
• Why did most Victorians look stern in?photographs?
• When did the Victorians start to view photograph?differently?
• What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian?period?
• How did smiling in photograph become a post-Victorian?norm?

Text 4

From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and Web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor affiliated websites over their rivals. That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation from what have been the lifeblood of the Internet.

Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill-in part because of push-back from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. A federal appeals court  weighed in again. Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution. It only prolonged the fight. At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the dirtiness of Columbia Court was the latest take of the Federal Communications (FCC.) on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. The publican penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted. When it had a democratic majority in 2015. But rejected the commission’s authority. To require broadband providers to do much of anything. The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.

The Commission argue that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior,

such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-stressing service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV. Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals streaming services but not their own.

On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband, providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. But Judge Patricia Millet rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service”, and said Congress on the Supreme Court could intervene to avoid trapping Internet regulations in technological.

In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules. On not neutrality, while preserving the Commission’s power to prompt individual going on between the Justice Department and California when enacted a tough net neutrally laws in the world of the FCC’s abdication.

The endless legal battles and back- and -forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.

• There has long been concern that broadband?providers?would? .
• bring web-based firms under?control
• show partiality in treating?clients
• slow down the traffic on their?network
• intensify competition with their?rivals
• Faced with the demand for net neutrality rules,?the?FCC? .
• takes an anti-regulatory?stance
• sticks to an out-of-date?order
• has issued a special?resolution
• has allowed the states to intervene
• What can be learned about AT&T from Paragraph?3?
• It engages in anti-competitive?practices
• It protects against unfair competition
• It is under the FCC’s?investigation
• It is in pursuit of quality?service
• Judge Patricia Millett argues that the appeals?court’s?decision? .
• focuses on?trivialities
• conveys an ambiguous message
• is out of touch with?reality
• is at odds with its earlier rulings.
• What does the author argue in the last?paragraph?
• Broadband providers’ rights should be?protected
• The FCC should be put under strict?supervision
• Rules need to be set to diversify online?services
• Congress needs to take action lo ensure net?neutrality.

Part B?Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence (AI) is typically depicted as something

sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?

A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. Here are a few ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:

Better hiring practices

Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does,” says Pedro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm. How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer

science professor at the University of Washington. In addition. “(41)  ” One company that’s doing this is called Blendoor. It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.

More effective marketing

Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. (42)           

  These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement  for people,” says Patrick H. Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.

Saving customers money

Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately assess risk. Domingos says. “(43)  ”

Improved accuracy

“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics, which makes data more valuable,” says Winston. It “ helps people make smarter decisions.”(44) 

Protecting and maintaining infrastructure

A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, its very expensive,” says Domingos.

“(45)  ”

1. AI replaces the boring parts of your job. If you’re doing research, you can have Al go out and look for relevant sources and information that otherwise you just wouldn’t have time?for.

• There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best?results.
• One accounting firm, EY. uses an AI system that helps review contracts during an audit. This process, along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more?accurate.
• We’re also giving our customers better channels versus picking up the phone to accomplish something beyond human?scale.
• You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’s useful for employees to go?to.
• AI looks at résumés in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates.
• Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much, or they would charge them too little and then it would cost the company?money.

Part C?Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)

World War II was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies. (46) Those societies  came  out of the  war with levels  of enrollment that had been roughly constant  at

3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war. But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondary school education. (47) And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher

education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university

before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly) during  the 1970s and 1980s.

The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems. There was first the rate of growth:(48)  in many countries of Western Europe; the numbers of students in higher education doubled within

five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight, or 10 years by the middle of

the 1970s. Second, growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions. And third, growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education.

Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake. For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance, of administration, and above all of socialization. When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years. (49) and when the new staff predominantly young men

and women  fresh from postgraduate study,  they largely define the norms  of academic life  in that

faculty, And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes  the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution this was seen in America as well as in France, Italy. West Germany, and Japan. (50) High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they

also  weakened  the  forms  and  processes  by  which  teachers  and  students  are  admitted  into a

community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth. In the 1960s and 1970s, European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements, with the empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.

Section?III?Writing

Part A

• Directions：

A foreign friend of yours has recently graduated from college and intends to find a job in China. Write him/her an email to make some suggestions.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name in the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

Part B

• Directions：

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should

1. describe the picture?briefly.

• explain its intended meaning?and
• give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

2021?年全國碩土研究生入學統一考試英語(一)試題答案

Section I Use of English

1、 【答案】 [C] peaks

2、 【答案】 [D] generally

3、 【答案】 [A] while

4、 【答案】 [C] consumption

5、 【答案】 [A] possibility

6、 【答案】 [A] delay

7、 【答案】 [C] included

8、 【答案】 [B] compared

9、 【答案】 [A] with

10、【答案】 [A] scored 11、【答案】 [D] went by

12、【答案】 [B] attributable

13、【答案】 [C] involved

14、【答案】 [D] explain

15、【答案】 [D] treatments

16、【答案】 [D] Meanwhile

17、【答案】 [D] take

18、【答案】 [A] well-being

19、【答案】 [A] level

20、【答案】 [C] diet

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【笞案】 [C] remains an unreasonable measure

22、【答案】 [A] rail?traveller

23、【答案】 [B] have failed to provide an adequate service

24、【答案】 [B] the collapse of?operation

25、【答案】 [D] ever-rising Dares Aren’ t Sustainable

Text 2

26、【答案】 [B] help poor families got better of

27、【答案】 [D] economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation

28、【答案】 [C] the relation of CCTS to its forest loss

29、【答案】 [C] it can protect the environment

30、【答案】 [A] the effects of a program

Text 3

31、【答案】 [D] changed peoples impression of the Victorians

32、【答案】 [A] They are rare among photographs of that age

33、【答案】 [C] Their unhealthy dental condition

34、【答案】 [D] a deep-rooted belief

35、【答案】 [A] Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?

Text 4

36、【答案】 [B] show partiality in treating clients

37、【答案】 [A] takes an anti-regulatory?stance

38、【答案】 [A] It engages in anti-competitive practices

39、【答案】 [C] is out of touch with reality

40、【答案】 [D] Congress needs to take action lo ensure net neutrality.

Part B

41、【答案】 [F] AI looks at resumes in greater numbers than humans would be able to, and selects the more promising candidates

42、【答案】 [B] There are also companies like Acquisio, which analyzes advertising performance across multiple channels like Adwords, Bing and social media and makes adjustments or suggestions about where advertising funds will yield best results

43、【答案】 [G] Before, they might not insure the ones who felt like a high risk or charge them too much. or they would charge them too little and then it would cost the company money

44、【答案】?[C]?One?accounting?firm,EY,?uses?an?AI?system?that?helps?review contracts?during an audit. This process. along with employees reviewing the contracts, is faster and more accurate

45、【答案】 [E] You want to predict if something needs attention now and point to where it’ s useful for employees to go?to

Part?C?Translation

46.

【參考譯文】戰爭結束后，這些西方社會有一定的入學水平，而在戰前的幾十年間，相  關年齡段的入學率大致穩定在 3-5%的水平。

47.

【參考譯文】這些社會對高等教育的需求上升，延伸到了那些戰爭之前從來沒有考慮過  上大學的群體和社會階層。

48.

【參考譯文】西歐的許多國家，在 20 世紀 60 年代時，接受高等教育的學生人數五年內

翻了一番，到 70 年代中期，人數又在七年、八年或十年內又翻了一番。

49.

【參考譯文】在新員工主要是剛從研究生院畢業的年輕人時,他們在很大程度上決定了

該學院的學術生活規范。

50.

【參考譯文】高增長率為學術創新增加了機會，同時，在穩定或增長緩慢期間，也弱化  了學者群體接納教師和學生的形式和過程。

Section ?Ⅲ?Writing(25 points)

Part A (10 points)

【參考范文】

Dear Jack,

（表明目的）I write this letter to give you some suggestions on how to find a job in China. The optimal way to find a job is to attend a job fair that provides thousands of positions including development, administration, marketing, and so on.

（ 建 議 ） Here are some tips to help you obtain a satisfactory job. Firstly, prepare a well-designed resume that highlights specialties, experiences and other advantages. Secondly, dress appropriately. Suits are preferred. Finally, be confident and patient.

(結尾）Please feel free to write to me if you have any questions.

Truly yours,

Li Ming

Part B (20 points)

【參考范文】

（引出主題詞）Values have always been the main subject of many modern art works.（描述圖片）In the cartoon given above, a young boy, dressing as a Chinese opera singer, tells his father that his classmates think Chinese operas are boring. However, his father encourages him to do what he thinks is interesting.（指出寓意）The cartoonist intends to compare two distinct attitudes to life.

(背景）There is no denying that a great many young people care too much about what others, especially their peers, think about themselves.（讓步）This view of life allows them to maintain good relationships with different people. While we cannot deny its importance in struggling in

school and workplace,（反駁）it poses a threat to their future development.（立論）On the other hand, people who persist in spending time on what they enjoy doing have a great opportunity to become professionals in this respect,（進一步解釋）and as a result, make great contribution to social development.

To make a conclusion, one’s attitudes towards life determine his or her future.（提出建議） Therefore, parents and schoolteachers should always encourage young people to stick to developing their own interest, as long as it does not go against public morality.（展望）In this way the society will be more and more harmonious.